ABCD... OF CYBERS

A-Apple
B-Bluetooth
C-Chatting
D-Download
E-Email
F-Facebook
G-Google
H-Hotmail
I-Iphone
J-Java
K-Kingston
L-Laptop
M-Message
N-Nero
O-Orkut
P-Picasa
Q-Quick time
R-RAM
S-Server
T-TechNotification
U-USB
V-Vista
W-Wifi
X-XP
Y-Yahoo!
Z-Zorpia.

Some Useful Run Short Commands

:Example : Go > Run > Type control.exe
admintools
Accessibility Controls
access.cpl
Add Hardware Wizard
hdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs
appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools
control.exe admintools
Automatic Updates
wuaucpl.cpl
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard
fsquirt
Calculator
calc
Certificate Manager
certmgr.msc
Character Map
charmap
Check Disk Utility
chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer
clipbrd
Command Prompt
cmd
Component Services
dcomcnfg
Computer Management
compmgmt.msc
Date and Time Properties
timedate.cpl
DDE Shares
ddeshare
Device Manager
devmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel (if installed)
directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooter
dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility
cleanmgr
Disk Defragment
dfrg.msc
Disk Management
diskmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager
diskpart
Display Properties
control.exe desktop
Display Properties
desk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab
Preselected)
control.exe color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility
drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility
verifier
Event Viewer
eventvwr.msc
File Signature Verification Tool
sigverif
Findfast
findfast.cpl
Folders Properties
control.exe folders
Fonts
control.exe fonts
Fonts Folder
fonts
Free Cell Card Game
freecell
Game Controllers
joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)
gpedit.msc
Hearts Card Game
mshearts
Iexpress Wizard
iexpress
Indexing Service
ciadv.msc
Internet Properties
inetcpl.cpl
Java Control Panel (if installed)
jpicpl32.cpl
Java Control Panel (if installed)
javaws
Keyboard Properties
control.exe keyboard
Local Security Settings
secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups
lusrmgr.msc
Logs You Out Of Windows
logoff
Microsoft Chat
winchat
Minesweeper Game
winmine
Mouse Properties
control.exe mouse
Mouse Properties
main.cpl
Network Connections
control.exe netconnections
Network Connections
ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard
netsetup.cpl
Nview Desktop Manager (if installed)
nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packager
packager
ODBC Data Source Administrator
odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard
osk
Opens AC3 Filter (if installed)
ac3filter.cpl
Password Properties
password.cpl
Performance Monitor
perfmon.msc
Performance Monitor
perfmon
Phone and Modem Options
telephon.cpl
Power Configuration
powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes
control.exe printers
Printers Folder
printers
Private Character Editor
eudcedit
Quicktime (If Installed)
QuickTime.cpl
Regional Settings
intl.cpl
Registry Editor
regedit
Registry Editor
regedit32
Removable Storage
ntmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requests
ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy
rsop.msc
Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof)
rsop.msc
Scanners and Cameras
sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks
control.exe schedtasks
Security Center
wscui.cpl
Services
services.msc
Shared Folders
fsmgmt.msc
Shuts Down Windows
shutdown
Sounds and Audio
mmsys.cpl
Spider Solitare Card Game
spider
SQL Client Configuration
cliconfg
System Configuration Editor
sysedit
System Configuration Utility
msconfig
System File Checker Utility
sfc
System Properties
sysdm.cpl
Task Manager
taskmgr
Telnet Client
telnet
User Account Management
nusrmgr.cpl
Utility Manager
utilman
Windows Firewall
firewall.cpl
Windows Magnifier
magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure
wmimgmt.msc
Windows System Security Tool
syskey
Windows Update Launches
wupdmgr
Windows XP Tour Wizard
tourstart
Wordpad
write

Ten hacking tools for android

1.SpoofApp
SpoofApp is a Caller ID Spoofigng, Voice
Changing and Call Recording mobile app for
your iPhone, BlackBerry and Android phone.
It's a decent mobile app to help protect your
privacy on the phone. However, it has been
banned from the Play Store for allegedly
being in conflict with The Truth in Caller ID
Act of 2009.
2.Andosid
The DOS tool for Android Phones allows
security professionals to simulate a DOS
attack (an http post flood attack to be exact)
and of course a dDOS on a web server, from
mobile phones.
3.Faceniff
Allows you to sniff and intercept web session
profiles over the WiFi that your mobile is
connected to. It is possible to hijack sessions
only when WiFi is not using EAP, but it
should work over any private networks.
4.Nmap
Nmap (Network Mapper) is a security
scanner originally written by Gordon Lyon
used to discover hosts and services on a
computer network, thus creating a "map" of
the network. To accomplish its goal, Nmap
sends specially crafted packets to the target
host and then analyses the responses.
5.Anti-Android Network Toolkit
zANTI is a comprehensive network
diagnostics toolkit that enables complex
audits and penetration tests at the push of a
button. It provides cloud-based reporting
that walks you through simple guidelines to
ensure network safety.
6.SSHDroid
SSHDroid is a SSH server implementation for
Android. This application will let you connect
to your device from a PC and execute
commands (like "terminal" and "adb shell")
or edit files (through SFTP, WinSCP,
Cyberduck, etc).
7.WiFi Analyser
Turns your android phone into a Wi-Fi
analyser. Shows the Wi-Fi channels around
you. Helps you to find a less crowded
channel for your wireless router.
8.Network Discovery
Discover hosts and scan their ports in your
Wifi network. A great tool for testing your
network security.
9.ConnectBot
ConnectBot is a powerful open-source
Secure Shell (SSH) client. It can manage
simultaneous SSH sessions, create secure
tunnels, and copy/paste between other
applications. This client allows you to
connect to Secure Shell servers that typically
run on UNIX-based servers.
10.dSploit
Android network analysis and penetration
suite offering the most complete and
advanced professional toolkit to perform
network security assesments on a mobile
device.

32 bit vs 64 Bit ( For Windows users & System Administrators )

Technically x86 simply refers to a family of
processors and the instruction set they all
use. It doesn't actually say anything specific
about data sizes.
x86 started out as a 16-bit instruction set
for 16-bit processors (the 8086 and 8088
processors), then was extended to a 32-bit
instruction set for 32-bit processors (80386
and 80486), and now has been extended to a
64-bit instruction set for 64-bit processors.
It used to be written as 80x86 to reflect the
changing value in the middle of the chip
model numbers, but somewhere along the
line the 80 in the front was dropped, leaving
just x86.
Blame the Pentium and it's offspring for
changing the way in which processors were
named and marketed, although all newer
processors using Intel's x86 instruction set
are still referred to as x86, i386, or i686
compatible (which means they all use
extensions of the original 8086 instruction
set).
x64 is really the odd man out here. The first
name for the 64-bit extension to the x86 set
was called x86-64. It was later named to
AMD64 (because AMD were the ones to come
up with the 64-bit extension originally). Intel
licensed the 64-bit instruction set and
named their version EM64T. Both instruction
sets and the processors that use them are all
still considered x86.
System requirements
32 bit :- 1-gigahertz (GHz) 32-bit (x86)
processor or 64-bit (x64) processor,512 MB
of RAM
64 bit :- 1-GHz 64-bit (x64) processor, 1 GB
of RAM (4 GB recommended)
Memory access
32 bit :- A 32-bit version of Windows Vista
can access up to 4 GB of RAM.
64 bit :- A 64-bit version of Windows Vista
can access from 1 GB of RAM to more than
128 GB of RAM.
Memory access per edition
32 bit :- All 32-bit versions of Windows Vista
can access up to 4 GB of RAM.
64 bit :- Windows Vista Home Basic – 8 GB
of RAM
Windows Vista Home Premium – 16 GB of
RAM
Windows Vista Business – 128 GB of RAM or
more
Windows Vista Enterprise – 128 GB of RAM
or more
Windows Vista Ultimate – 128 GB of RAM or
more
DEP
32-bit versions of Windows Vista use a
software-based version of DEP.
64-bit versions of Windows Vista support
hardware-backed DEP.
Kernel Patch Protection (PatchGuard)
32 bit :- This feature is not available in 32-
bit versions of Windows Vista.
64 bit : - This feature is available in 64-bit
versions of Windows Vista. Kernel Patch
Protection helps prevent a malicious
program from updating the Windows Vista
kernel. This feature works by helping to
prevent a kernel-mode driver from extending
or replacing other kernel services. Also, this
feature helps prevent third-party programs
from updating (patching) any part of the
kernel.
Driver signing
32-bit versions of Windows Vista support 32-
bit drivers that are designed for Windows
Vista.
64-bit versions of Windows Vista do not
support 32-bit device drivers.
16-bit program support
32-bit versions of Windows Vista support 16-
bit programs, in part.
64-bit versions of Windows Vista do not
support 16-bit programs.
Note:-
If you value the benefits and advantages of
switching and embracing 64-bit Windows
Vista, here’s a few considerations to ponder
before making the move to install x64
Windows Vista:
64-bit device drivers may not be available
for one or more devices in the computer.
Device drivers must be digitally signed.
32-bit device drivers are not supported.
32-bit programs may not be fully compatible
with a 64-bit operating system.
It may be difficult to locate programs that
are written specifically for a 64-bit operating
system.
Not all hardware devices may be compatible
with a 64-bit version of Windows Vista.

Computer threats Malware, Spyware, Virus, Worm , Bot , Backdoor

Virus – this is a term that used to be generic.
Any bad software used to be a virus;
however, we use the term “malware” now.
We use the word “virus” to describe a
program that self-replicates after hooking
itself onto something running in Windows®.
Worm – a worm is another kind of self-
replicating program but generally doesn’t
hook itself onto a Windows process. Worms
generally are little programs that run in the
background of your system.
Trojan – software that you thought was going
to be one thing, but turns out to be
something bad. Named for the fabled “Trojan
Horse” that appeared to be a gift but in fact
carried a dangerous payload.
Drive-by download – this is probably the
most popular way to get something nasty
into your computer. Most of the time, it
comes from visiting a bad web page. That
web page exploits a weakness in your
browser and causes your system to become
infected.
Malware Actions
Malware:
This is a big catchall phrase that covers all
sorts of software with nasty intent. Not
buggy software, not programs you don’t like,
but software which is specifically written
with the intent to harm.
Once malware is in your computer, it can do
many things. Sometimes it’s only trying to
replicate itself with no harm to anyone, other
times it’s capable of doing very nasty things.
Adware – not truly malware and almost
never delivered using one of the methods
above. Adware is software that uses some
form of advertising delivery system.
Sometimes the way that advertisements are
delivered can be deceptive in that they track
or reveal more information about you than
you would like. Most of the time, you agree
to the adware tracking you when you install
the software that it comes with. Generally, it
can be removed by uninstalling the software
it was attached to.
Spyware – software that monitors your
computer and reveals collected information
to an interested party. This can be benign
when it tracks what webpages you visit; or it
can be incredibly invasive when it monitors
everything you do with your mouse and
keyboard.
Ransomware – lately a very popular way for
Internet criminals to make money. This
malware alters your system in such a way
that you’re unable to get into it normally. It
will then display some kind of screen that
demands some form of payment to have the
computer unlocked. Access to your computer
is literally ransomed by the cyber-criminal.
Scareware – software that appears to be
something legit (usually masquerading as
some tool to help fix your computer) but
when it runs it tells you that your system is
either infected or broken in some way. This
message is generally delivered in a manner
that is meant to frighten you into doing
something. The software claims to be able to
fix your problems if you pay them.
Scareware is also referred to as “rogue”
software – like rogue antivirus.
Bots
"Bot" is derived from the word "robot" and
is an automated process that interacts with
other network services. Bots often automate
tasks and provide information or services
that would otherwise be conducted by a
human being. A typical use of bots is to
gather information (such as web crawlers),
or interact automatically with instant
messaging (IM), Internet Relay Chat (IRC), or
other web interfaces. They may also be used
to interact dynamically with websites.
Bots can be used for either good or
malicious intent. A malicious bot is self-
propagating malware designed to infect a
host and connect back to a central server or
servers that act as a command and control
(C&C) center for an entire network of
compromised devices, or "botnet." With a
botnet, attackers can launch broad-based,
"remote-control," flood-type attacks against
their target(s). In addition to the worm-like
ability to self-propagate, bots can include the
ability to log keystrokes, gather passwords,
capture and analyze packets, gather financial
information, launch DoS attacks, relay spam,
and open back doors on the infected host.
Bots have all the advantages of worms, but
are generally much more versatile in their
infection vector, and are often modified
within hours of publication of a new exploit.
They have been known to exploit back doors
opened by worms and viruses, which allows
them to access networks that have good
perimeter control. Bots rarely announce
their presence with high scan rates, which
damage network infrastructure; instead they
infect networks in a way that escapes
immediate notice.
Exploit
An exploit is a piece of software, a
command, or a methodology that attacks a
particular security vulnerability. Exploits are
not always malicious in intent—they are
sometimes used only as a way of
demonstrating that a vulnerability exists.
However, they are a common component of
malware.
Back Door
A back door is an undocumented way of
accessing a system, bypassing the normal
authentication mechanisms. Some back doors
are placed in the software by the original
programmer and others are placed on
systems through a system compromise, such
as a virus or worm. Usually, attackers use
back doors for easier and continued access
to a system after it has been compromised.

Meaning of HTTP Status Codes

HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is the
method by
which clients (i.e. you) and servers
communicate.
When someone clicks a link, types in a URL
or submits
out a form, their browser sends a request to
a server
for information. It might be asking for a
page, or
sending data, but either way, that is called
an HTTP
Request. When a server receives that request,
it sends
back an HTTP Response, with information for
the
client.
Usually, this is invisible, though I'm sure
you've seen
one of the very common Response codes -
404,
indicating a page was not found. There are a
fair few
more status codes sent by servers, and the
following
is a list of the current ones in HTTP 1.1,
along with an
explanation of their meanings.